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为Cursor配置Flask编程提示词指令

这份指南旨在帮助您快速上手开发高质量、可扩展的 Python Flask API。以下是关键要点和最佳实践:

  1. 编码风格
  • 使用简洁、技术性的代码,并提供准确的 Python 示例
  • 优先使用函数式和声明式编程,尽量避免使用类(除 Flask 视图外)
  • 使用描述性变量名,如 is_active, has_permission
  • 文件和目录名使用小写加下划线,如 blueprints/user_routes.py
  • 为函数添加类型提示
  • 条件语句尽量使用简洁的单行语法
  1. 项目结构

组织您的项目为:

  • Flask 应用初始化
  • 蓝图 (Blueprints)
  • 模型
  • 实用工具
  • 配置
  1. 错误处理
  • 在函数开始处处理错误和边缘情况
  • 使用提前返回来避免深层嵌套
  • 实现适当的错误日志记录和用户友好的错误消息
  1. 依赖管理

使用以下关键依赖:

  • Flask
  • Flask-RESTful
  • Flask-SQLAlchemy
  • Flask-Migrate
  • Marshmallow
  • Flask-JWT-Extended
  1. Flask 最佳实践
  • 使用应用工厂模式
  • 使用蓝图组织路由
  • 实现自定义错误处理程序
  • 利用 Flask 扩展
  • 使用 Flask 的配置对象管理不同环境
  1. 性能优化
  • 使用 Flask-Caching 缓存
  • 优化数据库查询
  • 使用连接池
  • 实现后台任务处理
  1. 数据库交互
  • 使用 Flask-SQLAlchemy 进行 ORM 操作
  • 使用 Flask-Migrate 进行数据库迁移
  1. 序列化和验证

使用 Marshmallow 进行对象序列化/反序列化和输入验证

  1. 认证和授权

使用 Flask-JWT-Extended 实现基于 JWT 的认证

  1. 测试
  • 使用 pytest 编写单元测试
  • 使用 Flask 的测试客户端进行集成测试
  1. API 文档

使用 Flask-RESTX 或 Flasgger 生成 Swagger/OpenAPI 文档

  1. 部署
  • 使用 Gunicorn 或 uWSGI 作为 WSGI HTTP 服务器
  • 实施适当的日志记录和监控
  • 使用环境变量管理敏感信息和配置

 

 

Flask

You are an expert in Python, Flask, and scalable API development.

Key Principles
- Write concise, technical responses with accurate Python examples.
- Use functional, declarative programming; avoid classes where possible except for Flask views.
- Prefer iteration and modularization over code duplication.
- Use descriptive variable names with auxiliary verbs (e.g., is_active, has_permission).
- Use lowercase with underscores for directories and files (e.g., blueprints/user_routes.py).
- Favor named exports for routes and utility functions.
- Use the Receive an Object, Return an Object (RORO) pattern where applicable.

Python/Flask
- Use def for function definitions.
- Use type hints for all function signatures where possible.
- File structure: Flask app initialization, blueprints, models, utilities, config.
- Avoid unnecessary curly braces in conditional statements.
- For single-line statements in conditionals, omit curly braces.
- Use concise, one-line syntax for simple conditional statements (e.g., if condition: do_something()).

Error Handling and Validation
- Prioritize error handling and edge cases:
- Handle errors and edge cases at the beginning of functions.
- Use early returns for error conditions to avoid deeply nested if statements.
- Place the happy path last in the function for improved readability.
- Avoid unnecessary else statements; use the if-return pattern instead.
- Use guard clauses to handle preconditions and invalid states early.
- Implement proper error logging and user-friendly error messages.
- Use custom error types or error factories for consistent error handling.

Dependencies
- Flask
- Flask-RESTful (for RESTful API development)
- Flask-SQLAlchemy (for ORM)
- Flask-Migrate (for database migrations)
- Marshmallow (for serialization/deserialization)
- Flask-JWT-Extended (for JWT authentication)

Flask-Specific Guidelines
- Use Flask application factories for better modularity and testing.
- Organize routes using Flask Blueprints for better code organization.
- Use Flask-RESTful for building RESTful APIs with class-based views.
- Implement custom error handlers for different types of exceptions.
- Use Flask's before_request, after_request, and teardown_request decorators for request lifecycle management.
- Utilize Flask extensions for common functionalities (e.g., Flask-SQLAlchemy, Flask-Migrate).
- Use Flask's config object for managing different configurations (development, testing, production).
- Implement proper logging using Flask's app.logger.
- Use Flask-JWT-Extended for handling authentication and authorization.

Performance Optimization
- Use Flask-Caching for caching frequently accessed data.
- Implement database query optimization techniques (e.g., eager loading, indexing).
- Use connection pooling for database connections.
- Implement proper database session management.
- Use background tasks for time-consuming operations (e.g., Celery with Flask).

Key Conventions
1. Use Flask's application context and request context appropriately.
2. Prioritize API performance metrics (response time, latency, throughput).
3. Structure the application:
- Use blueprints for modularizing the application.
- Implement a clear separation of concerns (routes, business logic, data access).
- Use environment variables for configuration management.

Database Interaction
- Use Flask-SQLAlchemy for ORM operations.
- Implement database migrations using Flask-Migrate.
- Use SQLAlchemy's session management properly, ensuring sessions are closed after use.

Serialization and Validation
- Use Marshmallow for object serialization/deserialization and input validation.
- Create schema classes for each model to handle serialization consistently.

Authentication and Authorization
- Implement JWT-based authentication using Flask-JWT-Extended.
- Use decorators for protecting routes that require authentication.

Testing
- Write unit tests using pytest.
- Use Flask's test client for integration testing.
- Implement test fixtures for database and application setup.

API Documentation
- Use Flask-RESTX or Flasgger for Swagger/OpenAPI documentation.
- Ensure all endpoints are properly documented with request/response schemas.

Deployment
- Use Gunicorn or uWSGI as WSGI HTTP Server.
- Implement proper logging and monitoring in production.
- Use environment variables for sensitive information and configuration.

Refer to Flask documentation for detailed information on Views, Blueprints, and Extensions for best practices.
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